{"id":3486,"date":"2025-03-26T08:57:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T08:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/?p=3486"},"modified":"2025-03-26T08:57:34","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T08:57:34","slug":"implicit-conversion-the-performance-killer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/blog\/implicit-conversion-the-performance-killer","title":{"rendered":"Implicit conversion &#8211; the performance killer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Implicit conversion occurs when SQL Server needs to automatically convert data from one data type to another. It typically happens in scenarios where you move, compare, or combine data. For those who would like to learn more about this topic, I recommend the <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/sql\/t-sql\/data-types\/data-type-conversion-database-engine?view=sql-server-ver16\">Microsoft learning resources<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog post, we will discuss some problems that may occur during the implicit conversion and how to address them. Since the implicit conversion is automatic, it is crucial that you as a developer are conscious how data types you define affect general performance of your application or infrastructure that the SQL Server is part of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s just a couple of examples of when the SQL Server would perform an implicit conversion of data types:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>nvarchar<\/code> to <code>varchar<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>numeric<\/code> to <code>int<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You&#8217;ll find a complete conversion table that will show you which data types are implicitly converted at the end of the post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common problem with data types<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Implicit conversion gets more problematic when you&#8217;re handling big data. It can drastically affect performance. Let&#8217;s take a closer look at the example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A table with 1 million records<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use an input parameter with a type of <code>nvarchar<\/code> and a table column with a type of <code>varchar<\/code>. This situation triggers the implicit conversion and that consumes CPU and doesn&#8217;t use index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The table <code>dbo.Workers<\/code> have 1 000 000 records and two columns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Id INT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Name VARCHAR(255)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The column <code><strong>Name<\/strong><\/code> is indexed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"249\" height=\"73\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/dbo-workers.png\" alt=\"SQL Server table dbo.Workers\" class=\"wp-image-3489\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wrong data type usage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example of what happens when we make a call with the WRONG data type, <code>NVARCHAR(255)<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"930\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/workers-nvarchar.png\" alt=\"SQL Server table with nvarchar\" class=\"wp-image-3490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/workers-nvarchar.png 683w, https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/workers-nvarchar-220x300.png 220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For the returned zero records, the SQL Server did an index scan, which means the server iterated over all index items and read the entire table. Remember that it had 1 million records? Now, it&#8217;s when the size matters because with such a massive table it took a whooping 125 ms of CPU, which is not ideal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Correct data type usage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s now take a look at the next example. Let&#8217;s see what happens when we make a call with the CORRECT data type, <code>VARCHAR(255)<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"651\" height=\"897\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/workers-varchar.png\" alt=\"SQL Server with varchar\" class=\"wp-image-3491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/workers-varchar.png 651w, https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/workers-varchar-218x300.png 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For the returned zero records, the SQL Server did an index seek, which means the server iterates over selected index items and it only reads selective rows from the table. Thanks to such precision, performance was totally unaffected. It took precisely 0 ms of CPU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From the examples mentioned earlier, we can clearly see that the wrong query usage can eat up the CPU. You must be careful with data types and consider how others interact and use data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have a lot of calls of a query with implicit conversion, you can easily KILL a complete SQL server performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conversion table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Data type precedence can be found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/sql\/t-sql\/data-types\/data-type-conversion-database-engine?view=sql-server-ver15\">Microsoft learning resources<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"742\" height=\"833\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/conversion-table.png\" alt=\"conversion table\" class=\"wp-image-3492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/conversion-table.png 742w, https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/conversion-table-267x300.png 267w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Implicit conversion occurs when SQL Server needs to automatically [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":3497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":22,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28,254],"tags":[41,262,291],"coauthors":[303],"class_list":["post-3486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-post","category-engineering-practices","tag-developer-practices","tag-product-discovery","tag-sql"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Implicit conversion - the performance killer - Infobip Developers Hub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/blog\/implicit-conversion-the-performance-killer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Implicit conversion - the performance killer - Infobip Developers Hub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Implicit conversion occurs when SQL Server needs to automatically [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/blog\/implicit-conversion-the-performance-killer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Infobip Developers Hub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/infobip\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-26T08:57:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-26T08:57:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Untitled-design-4.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1472\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"832\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Miroslav Vavra\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@InfobipDev\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@InfobipDev\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Miroslav Vavra\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/blog\/implicit-conversion-the-performance-killer#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/blog\/implicit-conversion-the-performance-killer\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Miroslav Vavra\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.infobip.com\/developers\/#\/schema\/person\/50ee20f7383f7540fe9f4606e1e7f330\"},\"headline\":\"Implicit conversion &#8211; 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