Message Types

There are two types of messages when using WhatsApp for business communications. Depending on chat initiation and time frame, you will have to use these message types interchangeably.

• Templates - Preformatted and non-editable messages approved by WhatsApp
• Free-form - Standard free-flowing messages which support all media types

The message type you use depends on if you are messaging customers within the messaging window. Regulation dictates that you must stick to pre-approved message templates when messaging customers outside of this window.

Message Templates

Message templates ensure that business-initiated communication follows WhatsApp guidelines. Message templates contain predefined text and are preformatted. These templates can be reused when there is a need to send the same message multiple times.

When you send a message template, you can send the template identifier (template name) instead of sending the message content.

Templates can contain placeholders. When you send the template message, you can replace the placeholders with values or personalized information.

Template headers can contain media that provide additional information. Templates can also be made interactive by registering buttons as part of the message.

Message templates include the following sections:

• Header
• Body
• Footer
• Buttons

To send notifications by using the WhatsApp Business Solution or the WhatsApp Cloud Business Solution, you must create and register your message templates and then submit the templates to WhatsApp for approval.

Make sure you are familiar with the template guidelines, as well as the limitations below.

Template names can contain only lowercase alphanumeric characters and underscores ( _ ). They cannot contain other characters or white space.

Header

Headers are optional. You can use headers to provide additional information to end users.

Headers can contain the following:

• Image
• Document
• Video
• Location (Early Access)
• Text (maximum of 60 characters, can include 1 placeholder)

Body

The Body section is mandatory. The body must follow these guidelines:

• Can contain only text
• Can be registered either as plain text or as text with placeholders
• Can contain a maximum of 1,024 characters
• Must not contain newlines, tabs, or more than 4 consecutive spaces
• If you add sample content to one parameter, you must also add sample content to all other parameters

Footer

Footers are optional. They must follow these guidelines:

• Can contain only text
• Cannot contain placeholders
• Can contain a maximum of 60 characters

Buttons

Buttons are optional. They must follow these guidelines:

• Can contain only one button type
• Can contain a maximum of 20 characters
• If you add sample content to one parameter, you must also add sample content to all other parameters

The following button types are available:

• Quick replies - You can include a maximum of three quick reply buttons in a message. The buttons contain the predefined replies and flexible payload.
• Call-to-action - You can include a maximum of two call-to-action buttons with each button of a different action, in a message. Supported actions are call a number and visit a website.
  The number and domain website are defined when you register the template. Therefore, the URLs for buttons do not support URL shortening and tracking.

Free-form Messages

Use free-form messages to send various message types. Cut-off control prevents messages from being delivered to users out of certain conditions.

Regular text messages or media messages (i.e. any non-messages templates) can only be delivered within the first 24 hours since the customer last contacted your business. Message templates do not have this restriction and can be used if you need to contact customers outside of this window.

The following elements are available to send over WhatsApp, however, make sure to pay attention to element-specific limitations and supported options.

Text

Send a message in the form of text to customers. You can send text in any of the following formats:

• Bold (*using asterisks*)
• Italic (_using underscores_)
• Strikethrough (~using tildes~)
• Code (```using three backticks```)

Messages can contain up to 4096 characters per free-form message. Text limitations vary on the relevant sections in templates. You can also include emojis in text messages 

URL character counts are also included in message length limits. Make sure to keep text messages and URLs within the character limit. You also have the option to display URL previews in messages.

Documents

Send documents to customers. Documents should have names in the form of text, up to 240 characters. If no name is given, WhatsApp will assign one.

You can send the following document file types:

• PDF
• DOC(X)
• PPT(X)
• XLS(X)

Document file sizes can be up to 100MB.

Images

Send images to customers. You can also send messages in the form of an image and caption together. Image captions can be up to 3000 characters long.

The following image types are supported:

• JPG
• JPEG
• PNG

Image sizes can be up to 5MB.

Audio

Send audio messages to customers. The following audio types are supported:

• AAC
• AMR
• MP4
• OPUS

Audio file sizes can be up to 16MB.

Video

Send video messages to customers. You can also send messages in the form of a video and captions together. Video captions can be up to 3000 characters long.

The following video types are supported:

• MP4
• 3GPP

Video sizes can be up to 16MB.

Stickers

Send stickers as messages to customers. There are a few formatting requirements to follow with stickers:

• WEBP files only
• Cannot exceed 100KB
• Must be 512x512px
• Must be 16px margin around sticker
• Must have transparent background

Animated stickers are not supported by WhatsApp.

Location

Send a static location in the form of a message. Location messages are in the form of interactive maps.

Included in location messages are your:

• Longitude - Coordinates between -180 and 180
• Latitude - Coordinates between -90 and 90
• Location Name - Name of the location (optional)
• Address - Address of the location (optional)

Contacts

Send a contact saved in your address book. This allows recipients to autosave contacts into their devices using a save button.

Contact messages consist of an array of contact-related objects. Each of those objects contains a further set of sub-objects.

High-level objects include:

• Name
• Address
• Emails
• Organization
• Phone
• URL
• Birthday

See the API section of these docs for more information about contact objects.

Interactive Lists

Allow users to select from a list of up to 10 options to confirm a preference, e.g., a location for the service they are trying to find out more about.

Users will only be able to select one option at a time.

List messages are made up of the following:

• Header - Text shown at the top of the list message. Maximum of 60 characters (optional)
• Body - Message text content. Maximum of 1024 characters
• Footer - Footer text content. Maximum of 60 characters
• List
  • List title - List button text. Maximum of 20 characters
  • Section title - Not visible and used for reference. Maximum of 24 characters (optional)
  • Row titles - Single selection options accompanied by a radio button
  • Row descriptions - Provide additional context to selectable options (optional)
  • List item title - Name of the list item. Maximum of 24 characters
  • List item description - Details about the list item. Maximum of 72 characters (optional)
  • Postback - Payload value for list item. Maximum of 200 characters

Interactive Buttons

Use interactive buttons to send end users up to three options to choose from as an automated response. This allows them quickly reply selecting from the options that you provide.

These work in the same way as quick replies in message templates, but are available for free-form messages. Users will only be able to select one option at a time per message.

Quick reply messages are made up of the following:

• Header - Text up to 60 characters, or image, video, or document (optional)
• Body - Text up to 1024 characters
• Footer - Text only up to 20 characters (optional)
• Buttons - Up to 3 buttons, text only each containing up to 20 characters

Product Message

Send an interactive message about a product or service that is present in your catalog. Customers can ask questions about the product, add the product to the cart, and submit the cart without leaving the chat.

To send a Product message, you must have a Meta catalog that is connected to your WhatsApp Business Account. Refer to the Manage Catalog section for more information.

Product messages contain the following components:

• Body (mandatory)
• Footer
• Action (mandatory)

The Action element contains the following components:

• Catalog ID
• Product Retailer ID: The product ID that is present in the catalog.

Multi-product Message

Send an interactive message about products or services that are present in your catalog. You can include a maximum of 30 products, presented in a maximum of 10 sections, in the message. Customers can ask questions about the product, add the product to the cart, and submit the cart without leaving the chat.

To send a Multi-product message, you must have a Meta catalog that is connected to your WhatsApp Business Account. Refer to the Manage Catalog section for more information.

Multi-product messages contain the following components:

• Header (mandatory)
• Body (mandatory)
• Footer
• Action (mandatory)

The Action element contains the following components:

• Catalog ID
• Section
  • Title
  • Product Retailer ID: The product ID that is present in the catalog.

Inbound Messages

Inbound messages are forwarded to you in real-time when you are using WhatsApp for two-way communication.

If you are forwarding messages to an API endpoint, you will need to grant permission to it for the Infobip platform. Connections can be secured with additional authorization headers.

Customers can send you the following WhatsApp components in messages:

• Text
• Image
• Audio
• Voice
• Video
• Document
• Location
• Contact
• Button
• Interactive button reply
• Interactive list reply
• Order message
• Other media

Received media is accessible for up to 30 days. It can be deleted within this time through the API

Quoted Messages

End users can quote messages to indicate that they are replying to that message. The reply from the end user contains the quote ID.

Referral

On platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, when an end user clicks an ad that contains a click-to-WhatsApp button and sends a message to your business, you receive the following information about the ad, along with the message:

• Whether the user clicked an ad or a post
• URL of the ad
• Facebook ID of the ad

Product Question

If an end user sends you a question about the product in a Product or Multi-product message, the context of the inbound message contains information about the product.

Additional Functionality

In the WhatsApp API, you can mark inbound messages as read.